Ethical Considerations on Clinical Transformation of MSC-Exo in Tumor Therapy / 中国医学伦理学

In recent years, basic scientific research and clinical studies on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (MSC-Exo) have developed rapidly. MSC-Exo has shown good anti-tumor effects in preclinical and clinical studies. However, due to its diverse sources and functions, MSC-Exo therapy still faces many ethical issues in clinical conversion and application, including the unclear tumor types and mechanisms of action applicable to MSC-Exo, the risk/benefit issues in the process of clinical research, the lack of safety/effectiveness evaluation standards, lax access standards, and the incomplete regulatory systems. The technical guidelines and regulatory policies related to the clinical transformation and application of stem cell therapy are constantly improving. Therefore, to effectively avoid ethical risks, regulate the research and treatment related to the clinical transformation and application of MSC-Exo therapy, and improve the safety and efficacy of MSC-Exo therapy in tumor therapy, it is proposed to deepen clinical research on the relationship between MSC-Exo and tumor regulation, strengthen the risk/benefit analysis, supervise and improve the professional quality of researcher, deeply root in the principle of subjects not to be harmed, construct and perfect the relevant regulatory system, and improve the reviewing ability of the ethics committee, so as to promote the rapid clinical transformation of MSC-Exo and bring good news to cancer patients.

Risk Factors of Vascular Invasion in Patients with Resectable Gastric Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the risk factors for vascular invasion and its influence on prognosis of resectable gastric cancer patients by analyzing the clinicopathological features. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1077 patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection. According to whether vascular invasion occurred, they were divided into LVI positive group (n=672) and LVI negative group (n=405). Logistic univariate and multivariate analyses were used for the relation between clinical pathological features and LVI. Survival analysis was used to study the relation between vascular invasion and survival rate in patients with stage Ⅰ gastric cancer. Results Univariate analysis showed that tumor size, type of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, Lauren classification, nerve invasion and the increase of CEA, CA125 and CA199 were risk factors for vascular invasion (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that poor differentiation, deep invasion, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion and elevated CA724 were independent risk factors for vascular invasion. The 5-year survival rate of stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients with vascular invasion was significantly lower than that without vascular invasion (P < 0.01). Conclusion Gastric cancer patients with poor differentiation, deep invasion, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion and elevated CA724 are more prone to vascular invasion. Patients with stage I gastric cancer at risk of vascular invasion should be treated more aggressively.

Preliminary report of preclinical trial of multi-genome engineering pig-to-macaque heart, liver and kidney transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the application prospect of the most extensive genome engineering pig internationally in preclinical xenotransplantation. Methods Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) knockout combined with 3 major heterologous antigen gene knockouts and 9 humanized genes for inhibition of complement activation, regulation of coagulation disorders, anti-inflammatory and anti-phagocytosis were transferred into a pig (PERV-KO/3-KO/9-TG) as a donor, and the heart, liver and kidney were obtained and transplanted to 3 Rhesus macaque recipients respectively to establish a preclinical research model of pig-to-Rhesus macaque xenotransplantation. The functional status of xenografts after blood flow reconstruction was observed and the survival of recipients was summarized. The hemodynamics of xenografts were monitored. The change of hematological indexes of each recipient was compared. The histopathological manifestation of xenografts was observed. Results After the blood flow was reconstructed, all xenografts showed ruddy color, soft texture and good perfusion. The transplant heart, liver and kidney showed full arterial and venous blood flow and good perfusion at 1 d after operation. The postoperative survival time of heart, liver, and kidney transplant recipients was 7, 26, and 1 d, respectively. The levels of creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and lactate dehydrogenase increased in heart transplant recipient at 1 d after operation, and gradually recovered to near normal levels at 6 d after operation. All indexes increased sharply at 7 d after operation. The level of aspartate aminotransferase increased in liver transplant recipients at 2 d after operation, and the alanine aminotransferase basically returned to normal at 10 d after operation, but the total bilirubin continued to increase. Both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased at 12 d after operation, and reached a peak at 15 d after operation. The kidney transplant recipient developed mild proteinuria at 1 d after operation, and died of sudden severe arrhythmia. Histopathology showed that the tissue structure of cardiac and renal xenografts was close to normal, and liver xenografts presented with patchy necrosis, the liver tissue structure was disordered, accompanied by inflammatory damage, interstitial hemorrhage and thrombotic microangiopathy. Conclusions PERV-KO/3-KO/9-TG pig shows advantages in overcoming hyperacute rejection, mitigating humoral rejection and coagulation dysregulation. However, whether it can be used as potential donor for clinical xenotransplantation needs further evaluation.

Research on the effect of background music on spatial cognitive working memory based on cortical brain network / 生物医学工程学杂志

Background music has been increasingly affecting people's lives. The research on the influence of background music on working memory has become a hot topic in brain science. In this paper, an improved electroencephalography (EEG) experiment based on n-back paradigm was designed. Fifteen university students without musical training were randomly selected to participate in the experiment, and their behavioral data and the EEG data were collected synchronously in order to explore the influence of different types of background music on spatial positioning cognition working memory. The exact low-resolution brain tomography algorithm (eLORETA) was applied to localize the EEG sources and the cross-correlation method was used to construct the cortical brain function networks based on the EEG source signals. Then the characteristics of the networks under different conditions were analyzed and compared to study the effects of background music on people's working memory. The results showed that the difference of peak periods after stimulated by different types of background music were mainly distributed in the signals of occipital lobe and temporal lobe ( < 0.05). The analysis results showed that the brain connectivity under the condition with background music were stronger than those under the condition without music. The connectivities in the right occipital and temporal lobes under the condition of rock music were significantly higher than those under the condition of classical music. The node degrees, the betweenness centrality and the clustering coefficients under the condition without music were lower than those under the condition with background music. The node degrees and clustering coefficients under the condition of classical music were lower than those under the condition of rock music. It indicates that music stimulation increases the brain activity and has an impact on the working memory, and the effect of rock music is more remarkable than that of classical music. The behavioral data showed that the response accuracy in the state of no music, classical music and rock music were 86.09% ± 0.090%, 80.96% ± 0.960% and 79.36% ± 0.360%, respectively. We conclude that background music has a negative impact on the working memory, for it takes up the cognitive resources and reduces the cognitive ability of spatial location.

Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4 / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of lymph node metastasis for patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4, and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:The clinicopathological data of 1 112 patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4 who underwent radical resection of colorectal cancer in Xijing Digestive Disease Hospital from January 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between lymph node metastasis status and the clinicopathological factors as well as tumor markers was analyzed. The related risk factors of lymph node metastasis were analyzed by using logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results:Univariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of lymph node metastasis among colorectal cancer patients stratified by gender, age and tumor location (all P > 0.05). The different tumor diameter [<5 cm and ≥5 cm: 37.75% (211/559), 52.26% (289/553), χ2 = 23.666, P < 0.01], general type [infiltration, ulcer, parasol, bulge: 37.04% (20/54), 47.52% (432/909), 34.33% (23/67), 69.51% (57/82), χ2 = 13.787, P = 0.003], degree of differentiation [highly-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, poorly-differentiated: 34.11% (102/299), 49.00% (317/647), 48.80% (81/166), χ2 = 19.771, P < 0.01], mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) [yes and no: 26.34% (64/243), 50.17% (436/869), χ2 = 43.996, P < 0.01], neurological invasion [yes and no: 48.17% (421/874), 33.20% (79/238), χ2 = 16.954, P < 0.01], vascular invasion [yes and no: 79.16% (338/427), 23.65% (162/685), χ2 = 327.493, P < 0.01] and preoperative carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) [positive (≥5 mg/ml) and negative (<5 mg/ml): 52.87% (249/471), 39.16% (251/641), χ2 = 20.162, P < 0.01] and CA199 [positive (≥35 U/ml) and negative (<35 U/ml): 59.33% (124/209), 41.64% (376/903), χ2 = 21.465, P < 0.01] had statistically significant differences in the incidence of lymph node metastasis for above stratified patients. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that vascular invasion and preoperative CA199-positive were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4 ( OR = 13.006, 95% CI 9.329-17.276, P < 0.01; OR = 2.194, 95% CI 1.513-3.181, P < 0.01), and dMMR-positive was a protective factor for lymph node metastasis ( OR = 0.279, 95% CI 0.190-0.411, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Vascular invasion is the main risk affecting factor for the lymph node metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4. The detection of preoperative tumor marker CA199 can be used as an index to predict the lymph node metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4. To a certain extent, it can provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4.

Role of leukemia inhibitory factor in tumorigenesis and development / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional secretory cytokine that plays a role in different tumor tissues and cells through janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. LIF is highly expressed in colo-rectal cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other malignant tumors. High expression of LIF can promote the development of cancer, increase the ability of tumor invasion and migration, reduce the sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and lead to poor prognosis. Blocking the LIF signaling pathway can inhibit tumor progression, and LIF is expected to become a new target for tumor therapy.

Role of leukemia inhibitory factor in tumorigenesis and development / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)is a multifunctional secretory cytokine that plays a role in different tumor tissues and cells through janus kinase/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,phos-phatidylinositol 3-kinase,mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. LIF is highly expressed in colo-rectal cancer,breast cancer,malignant melanoma,nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other malignant tumors. High expression of LIF can promote the development of cancer,increase the ability of tumor invasion and migration,reduce the sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and lead to poor prognosis. Blocking the LIF signaling pathway can inhibit tumor progression,and LIF is expected to become a new target for tumor therapy.

Correlation of mismatch repair protein expression and microsatellite instability with TNM staging in colorectal cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the relationship between mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression and microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor TNM staging in colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 1351 patients who underwent radical resection of colorectal cancer at the Xijing Digestive Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The MMR and MSI status in patients with different gender, age and TNM staging were analyzed. Results Of the 1351 specimens, 291 (22％) didn't express MMR protein. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the deletion rates of MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 between patients ≥60 years old and<60 years old (all P<0.05);there were significant differences in the deletion rates of MSH2 between stage T3 and the other stages (P<0.05); the deletion rates of MLH1, PMS2 among different N stages, and the deletion rates of MSH2 and MSH6 between stage N0 or N1 and the other N stages were significantly different (all P< 0.05); the deletion rates of PMS2 among different M stages were significantly different (P< 0.05). There were significant differences in PMS2 deletion rates among different TNM stages and MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 deletion rates between stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ and the other stages (all P< 0.05). There was significant difference in MSI positive rates between patients ≥60 years old and<60 years old (P<0.05); there were significant differences in MSI positive rates between stage T3 or T4 and the other T stages, among different N or M stages, and between TNM stage Ⅱ, ⅢorⅣand the other TNM stages (all P<0.05). Conclusions The MMR protein expression and MSI in colorectal cancer patients are closely related to tumor TNM staging. Detection of MMR protein expression and MSI in colorectal cancer patients has certain reference value for judging TNM staging of colorectal cancer. To a certain extent, it can guide the diagnosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer and judge the prognosis.

Thinking of Integrating Humanistic Education into Surgery Teaching for Clinical Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

The surgeons must not lack humanistic spirit,and the cultivation of their humanistic qualities needs to be started from medical students and take the infiltration of surgery teaching as the path.In the teaching of clini-cal surgery,it should change educational concept,set the course rationally,and enhance the practice education,so as to help medical students to sense and understand humanistic spirit,establish the concept of care and promote the humanistic qualities.

Effect of lymphatic vascular invasion on the prognosis of stage I( gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic value of lymphatic vascular invasion (LVI) for stage I( gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinicopathological and intact follow-up data of 469 stage I( gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy with R0 resection and were pathologically proven as gastric adenocarcinoma without other malignancy at the Department of Digestive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University between February 2009 and December 2012 were retrospectively collected. Chi square test was used to examine the relationship between LVI and clinicopathological data; Log-rank test was used for survival analysis; Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to explore the prognostic influence of LVI on stage I( gastric cancer patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 469 patients were enrolled, including 360 male (76.8%) and 109 female patients (23.2%). Median age was 58(25-82) years. There were 114 T1a cases (24.3%), 195 T1b cases (41.6%), and 160 T2 cases (34.1%). There were 439 (93.6%) cases without lymph node metastasis and 30 cases with lymph node metastasis. Presence of LVI was found in 52 patients (11.1%). LVI was closely associated with tumor grade, depth of invasion and status of lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05), rather than gender, age, tumor location and tumor diameter (all P>0.05). LVI detection rate was higher in poorly differentiated and undifferentiated group (14.3%, 32/223) than that in moderately and well differentiated group (8.1%, 20/246) (χ=4.590, P=0.032). LVI detection rate was higher in T2 (14.4%, 23/160) and T1b (13.3%, 26/195) group than that in T1a group (2.6%,3/114)(χ=11.020, P=0.004). LVI detection rate was higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (30.0%, 9/30) compared to those without lymph node metastasis (9.8%, 43/439) (χ=11.629, P=0.001). Median follow-up time was 63(3-74) months. There were totally 46 deaths (9.8%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 90.2%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 82.7% in patients with LVI and 91.1% without LVI, which was significantly different (P=0.039). Univariate analysis showed that age (P=0.012), AJCC T stage (8th edition) (P=0.011), and LVI (P=0.043) were closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients, while gender, tumor location, tumor diameter, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis or postoperative chemotherapy were not associated to the prognosis (all P>0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that only age(HR=2.038, 95%CI:1.126 to 3.686, P=0.019) and advanced T stage (T1b: HR=1.427, 95%CI:0.554 to 3.678; T2: HR=2.926, 95%CI:1.199 to 7.140; P=0.017) were independent prognostic factors of stage I( gastric cancer patients (both P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LVI is not an independent prognostic factor of stage I( gastric cancer patients. In clinical practice, we should consider adjuvant chemotherapy prudently for stage I( gastric cancer patients with LVI.</p>

Laparoscopic versus open D2 gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: A meta-analysis on long-term outcomes / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes between laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy with D2 lymph dissection for advanced gastric cancer.Methods Clinical studies that compared clinical outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer were searched from PubMed,EMBASE,Medline,Cochrane Library,WanFang,CNKI,CMCC and VIP database with the Gastric neoplasms Laparoscopy Gastrectomy Long-term outcomes Meta-analysis between Jan.2002 and Oct.2016.Data of long-term survival and recurrence were analyzed by using of RevMan 5.2 software.Survival data were present by the odds ratio(OR) and 95％ CI.The heterogeneity of the data was analyzed using the I2 test.Results Fifteen studies including 4,053 cases were enrolled.There were 2,091 patients in LG group and 1,962 patients in the open gastrectomy group.There was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival rate(OR =1.00,95％ CI:0.83-1.20,P =0.98),5-year overall survival rate (OR =1.14,95％ CI:0.95-1.36,P =0.15),5-year disease-free survival rate(OR =1.13,95％ CI:0.93 ～ 1.39,P =0.22)and cancer recurrence rate (OR =0.96,95％ CI:0.79 ～ 1.18,P =0.71)between the patients treated with laparoscopic gastrectomy,or open gastrectomy (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 lymph dissection for advanced gastric cancer has similar long-term outcomes as compared to open gastrectomy.

miR-134 regulates cisplatin resistance of human lung adenocarcinoma cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the roles of microRNA-134 (miR-134) in the cisplatin resistance of lung ade-nocarcinoma cells.METHODS:miRNA microarray was applied to compare the miRNA expression profile between A549/CDDP and A549 cells.Real-time PCR was used to confirm the expression of miR-134.miR-134 mimics and inhibitors were transfected into A549/CDDP and A549 cells, respectively.MTT assay was used to detect the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin.Western blot was applied to test whether miR-134 regulated forkhead box protein M1 ( FOXM1 ) and multi-drug-associated protein 1 ( MRP1 ) expression.RESULTS: Based on the data of miRNA microarray, 13 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in A549/CDDP cells compared with A549 cells, among which miR-134 was the most significantly down-regulated one.Compared with control group, A549/CDDP cells transfected with miR-134 mimics showed greatly enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin as indicated by IC50 values (P<0.01).In contrast, suppression of the miR-134 level in the A549 cells resulted in a decreased sensitivity to cisplatin (P<0.01).FOXM1 siRNA down-regulated the pro-tein levels of FOXM1.A549/CDDP cells transfected with si-FOXM1 showed enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin (P<0.01). In addition, the result of Western blot showed that miR-134 repressed MRP1 protein expression.CONCLUSION: miR-134 effectively increases the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin, and this effect of miR-134 may be partly due to its regulation of FOXM1 and MRP1 expression.

Fundus artery occlusion caused by cosmetic facial injections / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>With the increasing popularity of cosmetic facial filler injections in recent years, more and more associated complications have been reported. However, the causative surgical procedures and preventative measures have not been studied well up to now. The aim of this stady was to investigate the clinical characteristics and visual prognosis of fundus artery occlusion resulting from cosmetic facial filler injections.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen consecutive patients with fundus artery occlusion caused by facial filler injections were included. Main outcome measures were filler materials, injection sites, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus fluorescein angiography, and associated ocular and systemic manifestations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven patients had ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO) and one patient each had central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). Injected materials included autologous fat (seven cases), hyaluronic acid (five cases), and bone collagen (one case). Injection sites were the frontal area (five cases), periocular area (two cases), temple area (two cases), and nose area and nasal area (4 cases). Injected autologous fat was associated with worse final BCVA than hyaluronic acid. The BCVA of seven patients with autologous fat injection in frontal area and temple area was no light perception. Most of the patients with OAO had ocular pain, headache, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and no improvement in final BCVA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cosmetic facial injections can cause fundus artery occlusion. Autologous fat injection tends to be associated with painful blindness, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and poor visual outcomes. The prognosis is much worse with autologous fat injection than hyaluronic acid injection.</p>

A follow-up study on laparoscopy-assisted and open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective This study was to compare surgical safety and oncologic adequacy of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) versus open gastrectomy (OG) for advanced gastric cancer.Methods 120 consecutive AGC patients undergoing LAG with D2 lymph node dissection between September 2005 to December 2009 were compared with 120 AGC patients undergoing OG during the same period.In each group,50 underwent distal gastrectomy,70 for total gastrectomy.Results There was no conversion to open surgery in LAG.The operative time was significantly longer in LAG than OG [(307 ± 84) min vs.(203 ± 52) min,t'=11.556,P ＜ 0.01].The estimated blood loss was significantly less in LAG group than OG group [(258 ± 78) ml vs.(318 ± 89) ml,t =5.550,P ＜ 0.01].The number of lymph nodes retrieved was(17 ±11) in LAG,(16 ±10)in OG (t =0.723,P＞0.05).All margins were tumor free in both groups.9 patients had the postoperative complication in LAG,8 patients in OG (P ＞ 0.05).Length of postoperative stay was significantly shorter in LAG than OG [(10.6 + 4.7) vs.(14.3 ± 2.9) days,t' =7.339,P ＜0.01].There was no mortality in both groups.The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate were comparable (47.6％ in LAG vs.42.8％ in OG,x2 =0.577,P ＞ 0.05) between the two groups.Conclusions This study suggested that laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy is safe and feasible in terms of surgical outcome and oncologic adequacy for advanced gastric cancer.

Entangled titanium fibre balls combined with nano strontium hydroxyapatite in repairing bone defects

To investigate the effect of entangled titanium fibre balls [ETFBs] combined with nano strontium hydroxyapatite [nano-Sr-HAP] on the repair of bone defects in vivo. Twenty-four 6-month-old, specific pathogen-free, male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Drill defects were created in bilateral femoral condyles. ETFBs combined with nano-Sr-HAP were selected randomly from 72 samples and implanted into the femoral bone defects of left legs, which served as the experimental group, while ETFBs without nano-Sr-HAP were implanted into right legs for comparison. The bone defects on both sides were Xrayed. The anteroposterior positions and histological procedures and evaluations of each sample were performed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery. Histological results showed that the ETBs allowed new bone to grow within their structure. Additionally, an increase in new bone was seen on the nano-Sr-HAP side compared to the control side. The results of histomorphometric analysis confirmed that the new bone formation on the left side gradually increased with time. There was a statistical increase in new bone at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, and the differences between the two sides were statistically significant at weeks 4 and 8 [p < 0.05 for all comparisons]. The results showed that ETFBs possess a unique 3-dimensional interconnective porous structure and have excellent biocompatibility, cell affinity and osteoconductivity, which makes them useful as scaffold materials for repairing bone defects. On the other hand, nano- Sr-HAP improved the bone defect-repairing capacity of the ETFBs, which showed osteoinductive properties

Effects of Apr-1 gene on cell cycle regulation of cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cell lines / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the role and the mechanism of Apr-1 gene on cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cell lines proliferation and cell cycle regulation. Methods Apr-1 gene was transfected into QBC939 cells by using liposomes to establish a QBC939 cell model ( QBC939-Apr-1 ) stably expressing Apr-1 gene. Apr-1 mRNA expression and the changes in cell cycle and cell growth of QBC939 cells were analyzed by RT-PCR, flow cytometry ( FCM ) and growth curve before and after transfection. The regulatory effect of Apr-1 gene on the expression of cell cycle-related genes was investigated in QBC939 cells before and after Apr-1 transfection using cell cycle gene microarrays. Results Significant suppression of cell growth was observed with the cell model stably expressing Apr-1 gene. Apr-1 over-expression caused cell arrest from 9% to 13% (P ＜0. 01 ) increase in G2 population. Cell cycle gene microarrays demonstrated that the expression of Skp2 、UBE1 was up-regulated, while the expression of MRE11A 、CKS2 、CDK8 、CDC45 was down-regulated by more than 3 folds. Conclusions Apr-1 gene suppresses QBC939 cell proliferation in vitro, QBC939 cells presented with differences in the expression of cell cycle-related genes after Apr-1 gene transfection.

Therapeutic effects of ganciclovir with different injection methods on experimental retinal necrosis / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of ganciclovir(GCV)with differentInjection methods on experimental acute retinal necrosis(ARN).Methods The right eyes of 41pigmented rabbits were infected by herpes simplex virus(HSV-1)(COS strain)to establish ARN animalmodel.After 24 and 72 hours,GCV was given by intravitreal injection(10 eyes),intravenous injection(11 eyes)and the intravitreal+intravenous injection(10 eyes);intravitreal injection of GCV anddexamethasone(6 eyes)was also included.Four eyes were not treated as the control.The dosage of GCVin intravitreal and intravenous injection was 800 μg and 5 mg/kg weight,respectively.Retina necrosis wasobserved and the grade was recorded 1-21 days after injection according to the grade standard ofretinopathy.The maximum grades of retinal necrosis in different groups were compared.Results Thegrade of retinal necosis was 3.8 in the control group,and 0.2,0.4,0.8,and 2.2 in intravitreal iniection,intravitrcal+intravenous injection,intravitreal injection with GCV and dexamethasone,and intravenousrejection,respectively,24 hours after the model was set up.The effects of the first 3 groups wereobviously better than the Iast group(P=0.003,0.011,0.045);while the difference among the first 3groups were not significant(P=0.881,0.054,0.107).Seventy-two hours after the mode J was set up,thegrades of retinal necrosis were above 1.4 in 4 groups,and the differences among the 4 groups were notapparent(P=0.214).Conclusions In the animal model of ARN,intravitreal injection with GCV caneffectively decrease the grade of retinal necrosis.The difference among intravitrealinjection,intravitreal+intravenous injection,intravitreal injection with GCV and dexamethasone,and intravenous injection is notsignificant.

Change of free radical in serum and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and p53 in the liver after ischemia-reperfusion of small intestine / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study the injuries of liver after ischemia-reperfusion of small intestine of the rat.MethodsModels of ischemia-reperfusion of small intestine was made with rats. At 0 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h, 1d, 3d,7d after reperfusion, the concentration of nitric oxide(NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum was examed and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and p53 in the liver was observed by the immunohistochemical SP method.ResultsThe concentration of NO increased apparently 0 min after reperfusion, but decreased 2 h after, then increased gradually to a peak at 7th day. But for SOD, the concentration decreased 0 min after reperfusion, increased 2 h after,and decreased to the lowest level at 7th day. The immunohistochemical SP positive cells were observed in sinus endothelial cells and hepatocytes. The ratio of positive cells of Bax,p53 and Bcl-2 began to increase 0 minute after reperfusion and increased continuously 30 min after, while that of Bcl-2 was higher than that of Bax(P<0.01). It decreased apparently 2h after, and then increased till 7d after reperfusion,while the ratio of Bax positive cells was higher than that of Bcl-2(P<0.01).ConclusionThe change of concentration of NO, SOD and the expression of positive cells of Bax, Bcl-2 and p53 might play a important role in apoptosis and injuries of the liver after ischemia-reperfusion of small intestine of rat.

Living-related small bowel transplantation / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective　To introduce the management experience in the first cause of living-related small bowel transplantation in China. Methods　An 18-year-old male patient with short gut syndrome received a living-related small bowel transplantation with the graft taken from his father(44-year-old). A segment of 150?!cm distal ileum was resected from the donor. Treatment of immunosuppression, antibiotics, antithrombosis and nutrition support were given posttransplantatively. Results　Recently the recipient has a good life quality for 19 months. Conclusions　Living-related small bowel trnasplantation can be effectively used to treat short gut syndrome, and the posttransplantative management is the key to the successful transplantation.

Amplification and functional identification of immature dendritic cells from rat bone marrow in vitro / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To establish a method for amplification of immature dendritic cells(DC) from murine bone marrow in vitro and investigate correlations between maturation degree of DC and varying dosages of granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF).Methods Dendritic cells from murine bone marrow were cultured with different dosages of rm GM-CSF.The suspension cells were examined with scanning electronic microscope,and the non-sensitized T lymphocyte proliferation was observed by mixed lymphocyte reaction.Results DC cultured in lower dosage of rmGM-CSF(GMlow DC) exhibited typical characteristics of DC,and had immature characteristics in cell phenotype and cell functions with high expression of CD11c and low expression of CD80,CD86 and MHC II on the surface of the cells.The ability of GmlowDC to stimulate the proliferation of non-sensitized T lymphocyte in vitro was weaker than that of GmhighDC.Conclusions The methods of immature DCs culturing establised by allthors was feasible.The dosage of rm GM-CSF has a direct relationship with the maturation degree of DC.